Congenital heart disease (CHD), also called a congenital heart defect, refers to one or more structural problems in the heart that are present from birth. These defects develop while the baby’s heart is forming during early pregnancy and can affect the heart chambers, valves, septum (walls between chambers), or major blood vessels. CHD is one of the most common birth anomalies in India, with an estimated 150,000–200,000 children born each year with some form of heart defect. While some defects are mild and may resolve on their own, others are serious and can be life-threatening if not identified and treated early. Consult the best cardiologists in Navi Mumbai at UMC Hospitals for prompt cardiac care.
The exact cause of CHD is not known in many cases, but several factors increase the risk. The genetic component is significant, and heart defects may run in families or as part of chromosomal syndromes such as Down syndrome. Other possible environmental influences during pregnancy that have been associated with increased risk of a baby being born with a heart defect include maternal infections, such as rubella; gestational diabetes that was poorly controlled; exposure to medications, alcohol, tobacco, or radiation; and consanguineous marriages.
Congenital heart disease can sometimes be detected before birth through a foetal echocardiogram performed between 18 and 22 weeks of pregnancy. After birth, routine newborn screening using pulse oximetry helps identify babies with low oxygen levels. Other tests include:
Treatment depends on the specific defect, its severity, and the child’s or adult’s overall health. Some mild defects only require regular monitoring. Others may need medications to manage symptoms of heart failure or rhythm disturbances. Many congenital heart defects can be corrected or improved using catheter-based cardiological interventions, while more complex conditions require open-heart surgery. Early detection and care are crucial for the treatment and management of this condition.
Managing congenital heart disease requires a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach involving paediatric cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, imaging specialists, nurses, and rehabilitation teams. Consult specialists at UMC Hospitals for advanced diagnosis and the best congenital heart disease treatment in Navi Mumbai. Lifelong follow-up is essential, even after successful childhood surgery, as patients remain at risk for late complications. With timely diagnosis, evidence-based treatment, and ongoing care, most children and adults with congenital heart disease can lead active and fulfilling lives.
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